Vertebral column
Vertebrae
- Atypical vertebrae
- Cervical vertebrae
- Transverse foramina (for cervical arteries)
- Thoracic vertebrae
- Articular facets for ribs (demifacets) and facets on transverse processes
- Lumbar vertebrae
Spinal Column stability theory
- Spinal injuries occur at junctions of mobility
Pathological fractures
- Jefferson fracture: Burst C1 (atlas) fracture - hit head on the swimming pool floor
- Hangman's fracture: C2 (axis) fracture - hyperextension of neck with force on occiput
- Odontoid fracture:
- Type I: Avulsion fracture (from apical odontoid ligament): treated in cervical collar
- Type II: Through base of den: fixate if displaced
- Type III: Through body of C2: Heals in collar
- Chance fracture: L1 compression fracture
